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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

气温骤降 雨雪来袭 全能型冷空气威力有多大？******

　　1月11日至15日，一股全能型冷空气来袭，将给我国带来剧烈降温、大风及大范围雨雪。全能型冷空气有什么特点？又是如何形成的呢？来听听北京市气候中心气候预测与评估室副主任张英娟的回答。

　　什么是全能型冷空气？

　　“全能型冷空气”顾名思义就是冷空气是”全能型“的，它具备了冷空气的所有特征，可以说是冷空气综合体，它的特点是大风风力强、降温幅度很大、影响范围很广，同时还会伴有雨、雪等，在一些地区有可能会达到寒潮标准。

　　为什么气温也爱“坐过山车”？

　　冷空气是温度很低的冷气团，这个冷气团多在极地与西伯利亚大陆上形成，然后南下引起强降温、雨雪等。常说的来自西伯利亚的冷空气，其实说的就是冷空气的源地。

　　西伯利亚和北极是非常寒冷的地区，那里的温度一般可以达到零下几十度。如果冷空气来自西伯利亚，它所经过地区的气温将急剧下降。这种温差可以达到10度以上。尤其是在冬季，可能会在一夜之间感受到春天入冬的感觉，冷空气还会伴随着降雨甚至降雪的天气变化。不过，每次冷空气的强度都不一样。有时强，有时弱，由于移动路径不同，受影响的范围也会有所不同。

　　气温“坐过山车”，就是温度的骤降陡升。这种现象通常发生在季节转换时期。熟知的“倒春寒”就是这样一种现象，倒春寒发生在春季，春季是冬季向夏季转换的季节，在春季气温迅速回升过程中，冷空气来袭，造成气温的骤然下降。

　　大幅降温有哪些防寒注意事项？

　　首先是出行方面，出门增添衣物，注意防寒保暖，做好呼吸道及心脑血管疾病的预防。遇雨雪天气，得注意路面湿滑。大风天气不在有玻璃门窗或大树下，广告牌等地方逗留等。

　　大风降温天气将对交通出行产生很不利的影响，所以提醒有出行计划的公众多关注气象部门的预报预警信息以及交管部门的路况信息，安排好自己的行程，顺利、安全出行。

　　其次是居家方面，一是关好门窗，做好水管等防冻措施，另外居家取暖，用火、用电、用气增多，因此要注意用电、用气安全。二是室内空气流通不畅，一氧化碳中毒事故风险较高，注意加强防范。

　　三是生产安全方面。有些施工项目赶工期、抢进度，生产安全方面有隐患，加之不利天气影响，安全事故风险仍然不容忽视。

　　监 　　制：战　钊

　　策划/制作：蔡　琳 肖春芳

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）